Criteria for Acquiring Ownership Through Adverse Possession

1. Use
   Occupy, possess, or use another person’s property, such as cultivating crops, raising livestock, or residing on the land.
2. Peaceable
   Possession must be peaceful, meaning the landowner does not dispute, prohibit, or interfere with the possession, nor does the landowner assert ownership or file a lawsuit to evict the possessor.
3. Open
   Possession must be open, meaning the possessor does not hide, conceal, or disguise their possession of another person’s property.
4. Intent
   The possession must be with the intent to own (not as an agent for another), such as using the land as if it were their own or posting signs claiming ownership.
5. Honest
   Possession must be honest, meaning the possessor openly enters and uses the land without trespassing or defrauding the landowner.
6. Title
   The possessed property must belong to someone else, such as land with a title deed, a survey plan, or a reservation document marked “in use.”
7. Duration
   Possession must be continuous for a specific period: 10 years for real estate and 5 years for personal property. Only then can the possessor acquire ownership of titled land.
8. Court Order
   The possessor must file a petition with the court, and the court must issue an order or judgment granting ownership through adverse possession.
9. Land Registry
   The possessor must file a petition with the land officer and register a change of ownership through adverse possession (in the case of real estate).